Influence of Nollywood Movies Representation of the Elderly on Attitudes to the Aged in Western Nigeria
Main Article Content
Abstract
The portrayal of elderly characters in Nollywood movies can significantly shape public attitudes toward the aged in Western Nigeria, given the prominent role of Nollywood in Nigerian culture. Nollywood has a powerful influence on shaping societal views on aging in Western Nigeria. Portrayals that emphasize respect, wisdom, and positive aging can help foster supportive and respectful attitudes toward the elderly, while negative stereotypes can perpetuate ageism. The objectives of the paper are to examine the representation of the elderly in films and the common themes in Nollywood movies. This paper adopted the Representation Theory. The theory explains how stereotypical representations of the elderly in films are done. Certain ideologies or viewpoints which may be considered ageist against the elderly are sometimes portrayed in movies. Since media contributes to the creation and reinforcement of stereotypes, an application of this theory informs the intention to use in-depth interview to interact with film makers of the need to make movies which are anti-stereotypical representations of ageing process and the aged. The paper is a conceptual paper, which utilises secondary data based on the existing literature like journal articles, textbooks and online materials. The paper argues that in the traditional African societies the elderly are also revered. Aged members of a community are seen as culture-bearers, philosophers, professors and visionaries. The traditional Nigerian society is not left in this regard. The African world view regards old age as, reward to those who are just, chaste, kind, charitable, and upright in their doing with others. No wonder, the old people were usually regarded as living ancestors.
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Ogunbola, O. (2024). Influence of Nollywood Movies Representation of the Elderly on Attitudes to the Aged in Western Nigeria. Lakhomi Journal Scientific Journal of Culture, 5(3), 140-150. https://doi.org/10.33258/lakhomi.v5i3.1192
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References
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Atkinson, J. & Plew, M. (2017). Present, perceived as old, but not memorable: Analysis and perceptions of older characters in animated Disney films. International Journal Humanities Social Science. 7(6), 2221-0989.
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review. 84(2), 191-215. doi:10.1037/0033-295x.84.2.191
Centre for Ageing Better (2023). Cast aside? Exploring the presence of older characters in British films
Dey, D. & Tripathi, P. (2022). Ageing identities and narratives of loss: (Re) Contextualising cognitive degeneration in 'reel' space and 'real' lives. Jindal Global Law Review https://doi.org/10.1007/s41020-022-00179-4
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Kurfi, M. Y, Aondover, E. M. & Mohammed. I. (2021). Digital Images on Social Media and Proliferation of Fake News on Covid-19 in Kano, Nigeria. Galactica Media: Journal of Media Studies, 1(1), 103-124. Doi: https://doi.org/10.46539/gmd.v3i1.111.
Levy, B. R. (2017). Stereotype embodiment a psychosocial approach to aging. Psychological Science. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/46037140
Maikaba, B., & Msughter, A. E. (2019). Digital Media and Cultural Globalisation: The Fate of African Value System. Humanities and Social Sciences, 12(1), 214-220.
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Mojaye, E. M. & Aondover, E. M. (2022). Theoretical perspectives in world information systems: A propositional appraisal of new media-communication imperatives. Journal of Communication and Media Research, 14(1), 100-106.
Msughter, A. E., & Aondover, P. O. (2023). Nollywood Offering and Nigeria People and Culture: Reflections and Projection. Unisia, 41(1).
Msughter, A. E., Perpetua, A. O., & Itiafa, A. L. (2023). Artificial Intelligence and the Media: Revisiting Digital Dichotomy Theory. In Information Systems Management. IntechOpen.
Msughter, A. E., Yar’Adua, S. M., & Maradun, L. U. (2020). Influence of Cultural Practices on Maternal Morbidity and Complications in Katsina-Ala Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. International Journal of Health, Safety and Environment, 6(9), 670-681.
Msughter, A. E., Yar’Adua, S. M., & Ogechi, A. P. (2022). Information seeking behavior on Covid-19 vaccine among residents of Fagge Local Government Area of Kano, Nigeria. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 6(9), 2526-2541.
Nega, M. B. (2020). Africa’s population is aging and it needs social protection.
Nugroho, W. B. (2020). The brief explanation of representation theory. Udayana Networking. Https//udayananetworking.unad.ac.
Obasi, M. C., & Aondover, E. M. (2023). Representation of African Values in Selected Nigerian Popular Music. Popular Music, 3(1), 57-73.
Obasi, M. C., & Msughter, A. E. (2023). Assessment of media coverage of environmental hazards in mining communities in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Environmental Challenges, 13, 100758.
Obiaya, I. (2015). The blossoming of the Nigerian video film industry. Academia.edu. https://academia.edu
Ogbe, S. J., Ayodele, B. J., Onyeka, E. D. & William, Y. (2020). Film as a purveyor of Nigeria’s image and socio-cultural development: An analysis of selected Nollywood movies. Igwebuike: An African Journal of Arts and Humanities. 6 (6).
Onyejelem, T. E., & Aondover, E. M. (2024a). Digital Generative Multimedia Tool Theory (DGMTT): A Theoretical Postulation in the Era of Artificial Intelligence. Adv Mach Lear Art Inte, 5(2), 01-09.
Onyejelem, T. E., & Aondover, E. M. (2024b). Digital Generative Multimedia Tool Theory (DGMTT): A Theoretical Postulation. Journalism, 14(3), 189-204.
Oreoluwa, P. A., Vitalis, P. O., Nneka, A. Q., Collins-Dike, J., & Ridwan, M. (2024). Online Harassment of Female Journalist in Lagos State. Polit Journal Scientific Journal of Politics, 4(3), 162-174.
Owens-Ibie, N., & Aondover, E. M. (2024). Hate postings on social media and peace imperatives in Nigeria. Legal challenges and political strategies in the post-truth era, Labcom Comunicacao & Artes,121.
Smith, S. L., Pieper, K. & Choueiti, M. (2021). The rare & ridiculed: Senior citizens in the 100 top films of 2015. Humana, Inc. and USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism. Retrieved June 21, 2024 from, https://annenberg.usc.edu/sites/default/ files/2017/05/30/MDSCI_Rare%20and%20Ridiculed%20Report% 20Final.pdf
Taiwo, M., Jaiyesimi, B. J., & Aondover, E. M. (2024). Product placement in Namaste Wahala in the global film industry and brand recall in Nigeria.
Udomisor, I. &Sonuga, A. (2012). Content analysis of programs produced by Nollywood particularly on Africa Magic: DSTV. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences. 2(11)
Vitalis, P. O., Onyejelem, T. E., & Okuneye, A. P. (2023). Understanding advertising in the era of social media. Information System and Smart City, 3(1), 502-502.
Zaidi, A. (2014). Hard global age watch index: Measuring wellbeing of the older people across the world. GESIS Retrieved 20 March 2024 from, https://www.ssoar.info>handle.
Akintayo-Usman, A. O.& Usman, S. O. (2021). Comparative analysis of ageing in Nigeria and United Kingdom using life course approach: The implication for the Nursing profession in Nigeria. Pan Afr Med J. 38 (411). doi: 10.11604/pamj.2021.38.411.22272
Ani, J. I. &Isiugo-Abanihe, U. C. (2017). Conditions of the elderly in selected areas in Nigeria. International Journal of Sociology of the Family, 43(1/2), 73-89
Aondover, E. M., Oyeleye, S. A., & Aondover, P. P. (2022). Analysis of Iconographic Effect of Visual Communication Genre on Covid-19 in Nigeria. Journal of Gynaecology and women’s health, 23(3), 1-10.
Appelo, T. (2020). Geene Davis calls Hollywood’s age bias ‘dismal’. https://www.aarp.org>info.2020
Atkinson, J. & Plew, M. (2017). Present, perceived as old, but not memorable: Analysis and perceptions of older characters in animated Disney films. International Journal Humanities Social Science. 7(6), 2221-0989.
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review. 84(2), 191-215. doi:10.1037/0033-295x.84.2.191
Centre for Ageing Better (2023). Cast aside? Exploring the presence of older characters in British films
Dey, D. & Tripathi, P. (2022). Ageing identities and narratives of loss: (Re) Contextualising cognitive degeneration in 'reel' space and 'real' lives. Jindal Global Law Review https://doi.org/10.1007/s41020-022-00179-4
Esan, O. (2023). History of film and home video in Nigeria. In L. Oso, U. Pate & R. Olatunji, Fundamentals of communication and media studies, CCMAS Book 1 [577- 599]. National Universities Commission.
Geena Davis Institute of Gender in Media (2021). Women over 50: The right to be seen on screen. https://seejane.org/wp-content/uploads/GDIGM-Next50-WomenOver50-Study
Hall, S. (1997). Representation: Cultural representations and signifying practices. London: Sage Publications.
Hall, S. (2005). Culture, media, language. Birmingham: CCCS
Hile, M. M., Msughter, A. E., & Babale, A. M. (2022). A Public Health Communication: Towards Effective Use of Social Marketing for Public Health Campaigns in Nigeria. Ann Community Med Prim Health Care, 5(1), 1002.
Hooks, B. (2019). "Representation Theory". Guilsborough Academy https://stilesguilsborough
https//ageing-better.org.uk>cast-as.
Idris, M. K., & Msughter, A. E. (2022). Sources of Information on National Issues among Border Communities in Yobe State, Nigeria. ASEAN Journal of Community Engagement, 6(1), 22-47.
Iyare, A. E., Imafidon, E.& Abudu, K. U. (2021). Ageing, ageism, cultural representations of the elderly and the duty to care in African traditions. Essays on Contemporary Issues in African Philosophy, pp 281–299. https://www.link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/
Kumar, S. (2022). Screening the experiences of Indian older woman, a study of five Hindi short films. In R. Baikady et al. (eds.), The palgrave handbook of global social problems. Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68127-2_292-1
Kurfi, M. Y, Aondover, E. M. & Mohammed. I. (2021). Digital Images on Social Media and Proliferation of Fake News on Covid-19 in Kano, Nigeria. Galactica Media: Journal of Media Studies, 1(1), 103-124. Doi: https://doi.org/10.46539/gmd.v3i1.111.
Levy, B. R. (2017). Stereotype embodiment a psychosocial approach to aging. Psychological Science. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/46037140
Maikaba, B., & Msughter, A. E. (2019). Digital Media and Cultural Globalisation: The Fate of African Value System. Humanities and Social Sciences, 12(1), 214-220.
Media-studies.com (2024). Stuart Hall and representation. Guilsborough Academy https://media-studies.com
Merengwa, C. C. (2023). Na our cinema be this: The evolution of themes in Nigerian cinema. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/honorstheses/1381
Mojaye, E. M. & Aondover, E. M. (2022). Theoretical perspectives in world information systems: A propositional appraisal of new media-communication imperatives. Journal of Communication and Media Research, 14(1), 100-106.
Msughter, A. E., & Aondover, P. O. (2023). Nollywood Offering and Nigeria People and Culture: Reflections and Projection. Unisia, 41(1).
Msughter, A. E., Perpetua, A. O., & Itiafa, A. L. (2023). Artificial Intelligence and the Media: Revisiting Digital Dichotomy Theory. In Information Systems Management. IntechOpen.
Msughter, A. E., Yar’Adua, S. M., & Maradun, L. U. (2020). Influence of Cultural Practices on Maternal Morbidity and Complications in Katsina-Ala Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. International Journal of Health, Safety and Environment, 6(9), 670-681.
Msughter, A. E., Yar’Adua, S. M., & Ogechi, A. P. (2022). Information seeking behavior on Covid-19 vaccine among residents of Fagge Local Government Area of Kano, Nigeria. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 6(9), 2526-2541.
Nega, M. B. (2020). Africa’s population is aging and it needs social protection.
Nugroho, W. B. (2020). The brief explanation of representation theory. Udayana Networking. Https//udayananetworking.unad.ac.
Obasi, M. C., & Aondover, E. M. (2023). Representation of African Values in Selected Nigerian Popular Music. Popular Music, 3(1), 57-73.
Obasi, M. C., & Msughter, A. E. (2023). Assessment of media coverage of environmental hazards in mining communities in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Environmental Challenges, 13, 100758.
Obiaya, I. (2015). The blossoming of the Nigerian video film industry. Academia.edu. https://academia.edu
Ogbe, S. J., Ayodele, B. J., Onyeka, E. D. & William, Y. (2020). Film as a purveyor of Nigeria’s image and socio-cultural development: An analysis of selected Nollywood movies. Igwebuike: An African Journal of Arts and Humanities. 6 (6).
Onyejelem, T. E., & Aondover, E. M. (2024a). Digital Generative Multimedia Tool Theory (DGMTT): A Theoretical Postulation in the Era of Artificial Intelligence. Adv Mach Lear Art Inte, 5(2), 01-09.
Onyejelem, T. E., & Aondover, E. M. (2024b). Digital Generative Multimedia Tool Theory (DGMTT): A Theoretical Postulation. Journalism, 14(3), 189-204.
Oreoluwa, P. A., Vitalis, P. O., Nneka, A. Q., Collins-Dike, J., & Ridwan, M. (2024). Online Harassment of Female Journalist in Lagos State. Polit Journal Scientific Journal of Politics, 4(3), 162-174.
Owens-Ibie, N., & Aondover, E. M. (2024). Hate postings on social media and peace imperatives in Nigeria. Legal challenges and political strategies in the post-truth era, Labcom Comunicacao & Artes,121.
Smith, S. L., Pieper, K. & Choueiti, M. (2021). The rare & ridiculed: Senior citizens in the 100 top films of 2015. Humana, Inc. and USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism. Retrieved June 21, 2024 from, https://annenberg.usc.edu/sites/default/ files/2017/05/30/MDSCI_Rare%20and%20Ridiculed%20Report% 20Final.pdf
Taiwo, M., Jaiyesimi, B. J., & Aondover, E. M. (2024). Product placement in Namaste Wahala in the global film industry and brand recall in Nigeria.
Udomisor, I. &Sonuga, A. (2012). Content analysis of programs produced by Nollywood particularly on Africa Magic: DSTV. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences. 2(11)
Vitalis, P. O., Onyejelem, T. E., & Okuneye, A. P. (2023). Understanding advertising in the era of social media. Information System and Smart City, 3(1), 502-502.
Zaidi, A. (2014). Hard global age watch index: Measuring wellbeing of the older people across the world. GESIS Retrieved 20 March 2024 from, https://www.ssoar.info>handle.