Post Marxist Reading of Leviathan: Sinfield `s Ideology
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Abstract
The present research shows how a political ideology reading can be perceived by a Post Marxist reading in the Leviathan. In Leviathan, the characters dealt with the important Marxists concepts such as lack of justice and social discrimination and their following effects on people including disillusionment, hopelessness and aimlessness. These effects have stultifying influence on the individuals and make them unaware of their talents and in the end lead them to a life full of misery and hopelessness. Characters and the author himself struggle in a capitalistic society and consciously or unconsciously they are trying at stand against the dominant ideologies and from other hand they themselves are totally dominated by those ideologies and there is no way out, in Leviathan by Paul Auster.
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Fatemeh Kargar Bardaskan, & Seyed Hadi Momen. (2023). Post Marxist Reading of Leviathan: Sinfield `s Ideology. LingLit Journal Scientific Journal for Linguistics and Literature, 4(2), 59-67. https://doi.org/10.33258/linglit.v4i2.914
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Woolf’s To the Lighthouse: Bergsonian Study. Linglit Journal: Scientific Journal of
Linguistics and Literature. Vol. 2, No. 2, June, Page: 67-74 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33258/linglit.v2i2.460
Basirizadeh, Fatemeh. (2019). A Comparative Study of the Psychoanalytical Portrayal of the Women Charactersby Virginia Woolf and Zoya Pirzad. Britain International of Humanatis and Social Sciences Journal, 1-8.
Basirizadeh, F. Raoufzadeh,N. Zaheri Birgani,SH. The Image of Women in Eastern and Western Epic literature: Shahnameh and Odyssey. Volume 3, No 2, May 2020, Page: 768-776 e-ISSN: 2615-3076(Online), p-ISSN: 2615-1715(Print) www.bircu-journal.com/index.php/birci
Barone, Dennis. "Introduction: Paul Auster and the Postmodern American Novel". In Beyond the Red Notebook. Ed. Dennis Barone. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1995. 34-43
Barry, Peter. Beginning Theory, an Introduction to Literary and Cultural Theory. New York: St. Martin press, 1995.
Brannigan, John. New Historicism and Cultural Materialism. New York: ST. Martin press, 1998.
Dr. Mahdi Dehghani Firouz Abadi, Fatemeh sadat basirizadeh, et. Al. The Effect of Covid-19 Pandemic on Online Education of the EFL Learners. Tob Regul Sci. Volume 8, Number 1, January 2022 Doi.org :10.18001/TRS.8.1.304
Dollimore, J. and Sinfield, A. Political Shakespeare: Essays in Cultural Materialism. London: Manchester University Press, 1994.
Dollimore, J. and Sinfield, A. "Culture and Textuality: Debating Cultural Materialism," Textual Practice 4, no.l 1990, pp. 91-100.
Dollimore, Jonathan. "Sexuality, Subjectivity and Transgression: The Jacobean Connection," Renaissance Drama, NS 17 1986. pp. 53-82.
Higgins, John. Raymond Williams, Literature, Marxism and Cultural Materialism. New York: Routledge Press, 1999.
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. The Communist Manifesto. London: Penguin, 1983. PDF.
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engles. The Communist Manifesto. London: Penguin, 1848. PDF.
Lodge, David, ed. Modern Criticism and Theory. New York: Longman Pub, 2000.
Marx, Karl. Engels, Frederick. Engels, Marx. Collected Works, volume 6 (London: Lawrence and Wishart, (1976), p. 487.
Momen SH, Karegar Bardaskan F, Shabankhah Leayli,M. A Cultural Materialist Reading of Paul Auster: Sunset Park. Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education (BirLE) Journal Volume 6, No 2, May 2023, Page: 162-172. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33258/birle.v6i2.7569.g7504
Momen SH, Karegar Bardaskan F, Shabankhah Leayli,M. The Capitalistic in Paul Auster's Leviathan: A Cultural Materialist Reading. Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education (BirLE) Journal Volume 6, No 2, May 2023, Page: 173-182. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33258/birle.v6i2.7570
Makaryk, Ireana. Encyclopedia of Contemporary Literary Theory: Approaches, Scholars, Terms. Toronto: Toronto university Press, 1993.
R.J.Rummel. Marxsim, Class Conflict, and the conflict Helix . New York: Sage Publication, 1977. PDF.
Raoufzadeh,N. Basirizadeh, F. Mohammad Hosein, SH. The Study of Interior Monologue in Two Selected Novels, Mrs. Dalloway and to the Lighthouse; A Comparative Study. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Volume 3, No 2, May 2020, Page: 761-767
Selden, Roman. Contemporary Literary Theory. London: Harvester Wheatheaf, 1993.
Sinfield, Alan. Literature, Politics and Culture in Postwar Britain .Oxford: Blackwell; Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989, Ch. 3.
Soqandi, M. Basirizadeh,F. Cultural Materialism in Lorca‟s Poetry. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Volume 3, No 2, May 2020, Page: 682-691
Thomas, Peter D. The Gramscian Moment Philosophy, Hegemony. USA. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data, 2019.
Williams, Raymond. Marxism and Literature. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
View publication, 1978.