Corruption Factors and Discretion of the Law Enforcement Agency
Main Article Content
Abstract
The article analyzes the corruption-generating factors enshrined in official legal documents—the Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On Anti-Corruption Expertise of Regulatory Legal Acts and Draft Regulatory Legal Acts" dated June 17, 2009, and the Methodology for Conducting Anti-Corruption Expertise of Regulatory Legal Acts and Draft Regulatory Legal Acts" approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated February 26, 2010. Particular attention is paid to such a corruption-generating factor as the wide margin of discretion (breadth of discretionary powers) of the law enforcement agency. In this regard, the discretion of the subjects of the law enforcement process is analyzed, the necessity, significance, as well as both subjective and objective limits of it are argued. With regard to the former, it is substantiated that the latter should be considered not as the legal consciousness or professional culture of the subjects of law enforcement, but their professional culture. Objective limits are determined by optional legal norms containing evaluative concepts. As an example, several provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation are cited, which necessarily presuppose the discretion of law enforcement agencies in the law enforcement sphere.
Article Details
How to Cite
Kozhevnikov, V. V., & Muhammad Ridwan. (2025). Corruption Factors and Discretion of the Law Enforcement Agency. Polit Journal Scientific Journal of Politics, 5(4), 230-240. https://doi.org/10.33258/polit.v5i4.1402
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Articles
References
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Abuzyarova Nayra Abdulkadyrovna, Artemov, Vladislav Yuryevich, Bulaevsky, Boris Aleksandrovich. and others. Corruption potential of legislation: causes, factors, overcoming: monograph. Moscow: Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law, Law Firm "Contract", 2013. P. 67.
Agarkov Mikhail Mikhailovich. Value of Private Law//Jurisprudence. 1992. No. 1. P. 33.
Alekseev Sergey Sergeevich. Theory of Law: Moscow: BEK, 1993. P. 120.
Aliekserov Mizamir Akhmedbekovich. The Method of Civil Procedural Law//Journal of Russian Law. 2006. No. 7. P. 79.
Aliyev Yakub Lomalievich. Compliance with the law in the context of crime prevention by police officers: monograph. St. Petersburg: Publishing House of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2017. P. 41.
Andrei Borisovich Yaroslavsky. Investigator's Discretion in Criminal Cases: Abstract of a Cand. Sci. (Law) Dissertation. Volgograd, 2000. P. 12.
Barak Aaron. Judicial Discretion: Translated from English. Moscow: Norma, 1999. P. 15.
Baru Miron Iosifovich. Evaluation Concepts in Labor Legislation//Soviet State and Law. 1970. No. 7. P. 104.
Bonner Alexander Timofeevich. The Principle of Dispositiveness of Soviet Civil Law: Study Guide. Moscow: All-Union Law Correspondence Institute, 1987. P. 15.
Brainin Yakov Markovich. Criminal Law and Its Application. Moscow: Yuridicheskaya Literatura, 1967. P. 63.
Dictionary of foreign words /under ed. Ivan Vasilyevich Lekhin, Slava Mironovna Lokshina and others. Ed. 6th, revised and additional Moscow: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1964. P.219.
Dorokhin Sergey Viktorovich. Division of Law into Public and Private//Jurist. 2002. No. 9. P. 10.
Dubovitsky Vladimir Nikolaevich. Legality and Discretion in Soviet Public Administration. Minsk: Science and Technology, 1984.Pp. 64-65.
Dubrivny Vladlen Aleksandrovich. Activities of the Investigator in Investigating Crimes: Monograph. Saratov: Saratov University, 1987. P. 7.
Gladilin Aleksey Petrovich. Professional Culture and Image of the Head of Internal Affairs Bodies (Philosophical and Cultural Aspect): Monograph. Moscow: Academy of Management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, 1998. P. 3.
Granat Nina Lvovna. Professionalism as a Principle of Organization and Activities of Internal Affairs Bodies//Professional and Social Principles in the Activities of Internal Affairs Bodies: (History and Modernity). Moscow: Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, 1990. P. 46.
Gushchina Nina Adamovna. The System of Law and the System of Legislation: Correlation and Some Development Prospects // Jurisprudence. 2003. No. 5. P. 202.
Ignatenko Viktor Vasilievich. Evaluation Concepts in the Legislation on Administrative Liability: Abstract of a Cand. Sci. (Law) Dissertation. Sverdlovsk, 1989. P. 9.
Kazantsev Mikhail Fedorovich. The Legal Concept of the Corruption-Generating Factor of a Regulatory Legal Act: A Logical and Legal Analysis // Current Issues of Scientific Support for the State Policy of the Russian Federation in the Field of Combating Corruption: A Collection of Papers Following the Results of the 3rd All-Russian Scientific Conference. Ekaterinburg: Institute of Philosophy and Law, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2019.P. 438.
Khabrieva Taliya Yarullovna. Formation of the Legal Foundations for Anti-Corruption Expertise of Regulatory Legal Acts// Journal of Russian Law. 2009. No. 10. P. 8.
Kirilov Vasily Aleksandrovich. Subject of Private Law: Abstract of Cand. Sci. (Law) Dissertation. Moscow, 2001. P. 8.
Klyukovskaya, Irina Nikolaevna, Melekaev, Ruslan Kurmanovich. Legal Nature and Principles of Criminological Anti-Corruption Expertise of Normative Legal Acts // Society and Law. 2011. No. 5. P. 35.
Komissarov Kuzma Ivanovich. Judicial Discretion in Soviet Civil Procedure // Soviet State and Law. 1969. No. 4. P. 50.
Korablina Olga Vladimirovna. Discretion in Law Enforcement: General Theoretical and Moral-Legal Aspects: Abstract of a Cand. Sci. (Law) Dissertation. Saratov, 2009. P. 7.
Korenev Aleksey Prokopyevich. Norms of Administrative Law and Their Application. Moscow: Yuridicheskaya Literatura, 2004. P. 21.
Kozhevnikov Vladimir Valentinovich, Karavaev, Aleksandr Fedorovich. Psychological Culture as a Component of the Professional Culture of a Law Enforcement Subject in the Law Enforcement Sphere // Psychopedagogy in Law Enforcement Agencies. 2017. No. 2. P. 20.
Kozhevnikov Vladimir Valentinovich. Professional Legal Awareness: An Ideal Theoretical Model or Legal Reality? // State and Law. 2025. No. 1. Pp. 48-58.
Krasnoruzhsky Sergey. Individual Legal Regulation // Soviet Justice. 1989. No. 3. P. 15.
Ksenia Petrovna Ermakova. The Concept and Subjective Limits of Judicial Discretion//Journal of Russian Law. 2009. No. 8. Pp. 93, 94-95.
Kudashkin Alexander Vasilievich. Anti-Corruption Expertise: Theory and Practice: A Scientific and Practical Handbook // https://www.studmed.ru › ... (Accessed: 29.11.2025).
Kudryavtsev Vladimir Nikolaevich. General Theory of Crime Qualification: Monograph. 2nd ed., revised and enlarged. Moscow: Yuridicheskaya Literatura, 1963. P. 134.
Lapshin Ivan Sergeevich. Dispositive Norms of Law: Monograph. N. Novgorod: Publishing House of the Nizhny Novgorod Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2002. P. 33.
Lazarev Boris Mikhailovich. Competence of management bodies. Moscow: Legal literature, 1972.P.92.
Lazarev Valery Vasilyevich. Social and Psychological Aspects of the Application of Law: Monograph. Kazan, 1982. Pp. 49-50.
Leist Oleg Ernestovich. Legal Norms//Theory of State and Law: Textbook/edited by Mikhail Nikolaevich Marchenko. Moscow: Zertsalo, 2009. P. 731.
Luneev Alexander Efimovich, Studenikin Semyon Sevostyanovich, Yampolskaya Cecilia Abramovna. Socialist legality in Soviet public administration: monograph. Moscow: Institute of Law Acad. Sciences USSR, 1948 P.63.
Melekaev Ruslan Kurmanovich. Anti-Corruption Expertise of Legislation by Prosecutor's Office Bodies as a Means of Improving Law and Order in Modern Russia // Humanitarian and Legal Studies. 2018. No. 3. P. 160.
Methodology for Conducting Anti-Corruption Expertise of Regulatory Legal Acts and Draft Regulatory Legal Acts, Approved by RF Government Resolution No. 96 of February 26, 2010 // www.consultant.ru/.../ (Accessed November 29, 2025).
Mikhail Vasilievich Romanenko. Dialectics of the Objective and the Subjective in the Conditions of Developed Socialism. Moscow: Mysl', 1981. P 23.
Mizareva Natalya Vladimirovna. Anti-corruption examination of regulatory legal acts and their drafts as a measure to prevent corruption // Education and Law. 2021. No. 3. P. 81.
Nelya Nikolaevna Pestsova. Anti-corruption expertise of regulatory legal acts: General theoretical aspect // Protection and defense of rights and legitimate interests in the modern world: a collection of articles based on the results of the International scientific and practical conference in 2 volumes. / edited by Elena Vitalievna Evsikova, Irina Vladimirovna Khmil. Simferopol: Arial, 2022. Vol. I. P. 227.
Nesterov Anatoly Vasilievich. What is a Corruption Factor? // Scientific Expert. 2009. No. 12. P. 25
Olga Vladimirovna Barabash. "Corruption factor" as a legal term: structure, content, definition // News of higher educational institutions. Volga Region District. Humanities. 2015. No. 4. P. 161.
Onosov Yury Viktorovich. On the Theoretical Model of the Limits of Law Enforcement Discretion// Legal Bulletin of Saratov University. 2022. Vol. 8. No. 1. P. 11.
Ozhegov Sergey Ivanovich. Dictionary of the Russian language. 16th edition, revised. Moscow: Russian language, 1984. P.729.
Pavel Grigorievich Marfitsyn. Investigator's Discretion (Criminal Procedure Aspect): Monograph. Omsk: Omsk Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, Russian Federation. 2002. P.32.
Platov Egor Vitalievich. Anti-corruption expertise as a type of activity of the prosecutor's office of the Russian Federation to combat corruption // Bulletin of higher educational institutions. Volga region. Social sciences. 2022. No. 4. P. 113.
Pokrovsky Iosif Alekseevich. Fundamental Problems of Civil Law. Petrograd: Publ. of the Legal Library "Law", , 917. P. 309.
Public Opinion // web.archive.org/.../ (accessed: 25.11. 2025).
Ratinov Aleksandr Ruvimovich. Forensic Psychology for Investigators: A Scientific and Practical Guide. Moscow: Yurlitinform, 2001. P. 8.
Rogozhina Irina Vladimirovna. Discretion of the Law Enforcer: Concept and Limits // Problems of Social and Humanitarian Education at the Current Stage of Modernization of the Russian School // Proceedings of the VII International Scientific and Practical Conference. Barnaul: Altai State Pedagogical University, 2019. P. 21.
Sakharov Aleksandr Borisovich. Planning Criminal Policy and Prospects of Criminal Legislation // Planning Measures to Combat Crime. Moscow: Institute of State and Law of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1982. Pp. 9-10.
Slepkova Olga Aleksandrovna. The Concept and Features of Anti-Corruption Expertise of Normative Legal Acts and Draft Normative Legal Acts of the Federal Customs Service of Russia // Administrative Law and Administration Practice. 2014. No. 2. P. 74.
Sodnom Mikhailovich Budatarov. Corruption factors: concept, types, problems of their practical application // Monitoring of law enforcement. 2013. No. 2. P. 24.
Solovey Yu. P. Discretion in the Administrative Activities of the Soviet Militia: Abstract of a Cand. Sci. (Law) Dissertation. Moscow, 1982. Pages 13-14.
Stebneva Elena Viktorovna. Anti-corruption examination of regulatory legal acts and their drafts as a measure to prevent offenses by officials and other persons // Bulletin of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. 2023. No. 1. P. 156.
Sukhanov, Evgeny Aleksandrovich. The System of Private Law//Vestnik, Moscow State University. Series: Law, 1994. No. 4. P. 26.
Talanina Elvira Vladimirovna, Yuzhakov Vladimir Nikolaevich. Methodology of the primary analysis (expertise) of the corruption potential of regulatory legal acts / edited by Vladimir Nikolaevich Yuzhakov. Moscow: Statut, 2017. P. 22.
Tsybulevskaya Olga Ivanovna. Moral and Legal Culture of Government Entities: Axiological Aspect//History of the Russian Legal System and Legal Culture: Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference / composition. S.O. Shalyapin. Arkhangel'sk, 2013. Part 1. P. 167.
Yulia Igorevna Voronina. Anti-corruption expertise of regulatory legal acts as a means of combating corruption in modern Russia: Theoretical and legal aspect // Bulletin of Tyumen State University. 2012. No. 3. P. 78.
Abuzyarova Nayra Abdulkadyrovna, Artemov, Vladislav Yuryevich, Bulaevsky, Boris Aleksandrovich. and others. Corruption potential of legislation: causes, factors, overcoming: monograph. Moscow: Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law, Law Firm "Contract", 2013. P. 67.
Agarkov Mikhail Mikhailovich. Value of Private Law//Jurisprudence. 1992. No. 1. P. 33.
Alekseev Sergey Sergeevich. Theory of Law: Moscow: BEK, 1993. P. 120.
Aliekserov Mizamir Akhmedbekovich. The Method of Civil Procedural Law//Journal of Russian Law. 2006. No. 7. P. 79.
Aliyev Yakub Lomalievich. Compliance with the law in the context of crime prevention by police officers: monograph. St. Petersburg: Publishing House of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2017. P. 41.
Andrei Borisovich Yaroslavsky. Investigator's Discretion in Criminal Cases: Abstract of a Cand. Sci. (Law) Dissertation. Volgograd, 2000. P. 12.
Barak Aaron. Judicial Discretion: Translated from English. Moscow: Norma, 1999. P. 15.
Baru Miron Iosifovich. Evaluation Concepts in Labor Legislation//Soviet State and Law. 1970. No. 7. P. 104.
Bonner Alexander Timofeevich. The Principle of Dispositiveness of Soviet Civil Law: Study Guide. Moscow: All-Union Law Correspondence Institute, 1987. P. 15.
Brainin Yakov Markovich. Criminal Law and Its Application. Moscow: Yuridicheskaya Literatura, 1967. P. 63.
Dictionary of foreign words /under ed. Ivan Vasilyevich Lekhin, Slava Mironovna Lokshina and others. Ed. 6th, revised and additional Moscow: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1964. P.219.
Dorokhin Sergey Viktorovich. Division of Law into Public and Private//Jurist. 2002. No. 9. P. 10.
Dubovitsky Vladimir Nikolaevich. Legality and Discretion in Soviet Public Administration. Minsk: Science and Technology, 1984.Pp. 64-65.
Dubrivny Vladlen Aleksandrovich. Activities of the Investigator in Investigating Crimes: Monograph. Saratov: Saratov University, 1987. P. 7.
Gladilin Aleksey Petrovich. Professional Culture and Image of the Head of Internal Affairs Bodies (Philosophical and Cultural Aspect): Monograph. Moscow: Academy of Management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, 1998. P. 3.
Granat Nina Lvovna. Professionalism as a Principle of Organization and Activities of Internal Affairs Bodies//Professional and Social Principles in the Activities of Internal Affairs Bodies: (History and Modernity). Moscow: Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, 1990. P. 46.
Gushchina Nina Adamovna. The System of Law and the System of Legislation: Correlation and Some Development Prospects // Jurisprudence. 2003. No. 5. P. 202.
Ignatenko Viktor Vasilievich. Evaluation Concepts in the Legislation on Administrative Liability: Abstract of a Cand. Sci. (Law) Dissertation. Sverdlovsk, 1989. P. 9.
Kazantsev Mikhail Fedorovich. The Legal Concept of the Corruption-Generating Factor of a Regulatory Legal Act: A Logical and Legal Analysis // Current Issues of Scientific Support for the State Policy of the Russian Federation in the Field of Combating Corruption: A Collection of Papers Following the Results of the 3rd All-Russian Scientific Conference. Ekaterinburg: Institute of Philosophy and Law, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2019.P. 438.
Khabrieva Taliya Yarullovna. Formation of the Legal Foundations for Anti-Corruption Expertise of Regulatory Legal Acts// Journal of Russian Law. 2009. No. 10. P. 8.
Kirilov Vasily Aleksandrovich. Subject of Private Law: Abstract of Cand. Sci. (Law) Dissertation. Moscow, 2001. P. 8.
Klyukovskaya, Irina Nikolaevna, Melekaev, Ruslan Kurmanovich. Legal Nature and Principles of Criminological Anti-Corruption Expertise of Normative Legal Acts // Society and Law. 2011. No. 5. P. 35.
Komissarov Kuzma Ivanovich. Judicial Discretion in Soviet Civil Procedure // Soviet State and Law. 1969. No. 4. P. 50.
Korablina Olga Vladimirovna. Discretion in Law Enforcement: General Theoretical and Moral-Legal Aspects: Abstract of a Cand. Sci. (Law) Dissertation. Saratov, 2009. P. 7.
Korenev Aleksey Prokopyevich. Norms of Administrative Law and Their Application. Moscow: Yuridicheskaya Literatura, 2004. P. 21.
Kozhevnikov Vladimir Valentinovich, Karavaev, Aleksandr Fedorovich. Psychological Culture as a Component of the Professional Culture of a Law Enforcement Subject in the Law Enforcement Sphere // Psychopedagogy in Law Enforcement Agencies. 2017. No. 2. P. 20.
Kozhevnikov Vladimir Valentinovich. Professional Legal Awareness: An Ideal Theoretical Model or Legal Reality? // State and Law. 2025. No. 1. Pp. 48-58.
Krasnoruzhsky Sergey. Individual Legal Regulation // Soviet Justice. 1989. No. 3. P. 15.
Ksenia Petrovna Ermakova. The Concept and Subjective Limits of Judicial Discretion//Journal of Russian Law. 2009. No. 8. Pp. 93, 94-95.
Kudashkin Alexander Vasilievich. Anti-Corruption Expertise: Theory and Practice: A Scientific and Practical Handbook // https://www.studmed.ru › ... (Accessed: 29.11.2025).
Kudryavtsev Vladimir Nikolaevich. General Theory of Crime Qualification: Monograph. 2nd ed., revised and enlarged. Moscow: Yuridicheskaya Literatura, 1963. P. 134.
Lapshin Ivan Sergeevich. Dispositive Norms of Law: Monograph. N. Novgorod: Publishing House of the Nizhny Novgorod Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2002. P. 33.
Lazarev Boris Mikhailovich. Competence of management bodies. Moscow: Legal literature, 1972.P.92.
Lazarev Valery Vasilyevich. Social and Psychological Aspects of the Application of Law: Monograph. Kazan, 1982. Pp. 49-50.
Leist Oleg Ernestovich. Legal Norms//Theory of State and Law: Textbook/edited by Mikhail Nikolaevich Marchenko. Moscow: Zertsalo, 2009. P. 731.
Luneev Alexander Efimovich, Studenikin Semyon Sevostyanovich, Yampolskaya Cecilia Abramovna. Socialist legality in Soviet public administration: monograph. Moscow: Institute of Law Acad. Sciences USSR, 1948 P.63.
Melekaev Ruslan Kurmanovich. Anti-Corruption Expertise of Legislation by Prosecutor's Office Bodies as a Means of Improving Law and Order in Modern Russia // Humanitarian and Legal Studies. 2018. No. 3. P. 160.
Methodology for Conducting Anti-Corruption Expertise of Regulatory Legal Acts and Draft Regulatory Legal Acts, Approved by RF Government Resolution No. 96 of February 26, 2010 // www.consultant.ru/.../ (Accessed November 29, 2025).
Mikhail Vasilievich Romanenko. Dialectics of the Objective and the Subjective in the Conditions of Developed Socialism. Moscow: Mysl', 1981. P 23.
Mizareva Natalya Vladimirovna. Anti-corruption examination of regulatory legal acts and their drafts as a measure to prevent corruption // Education and Law. 2021. No. 3. P. 81.
Nelya Nikolaevna Pestsova. Anti-corruption expertise of regulatory legal acts: General theoretical aspect // Protection and defense of rights and legitimate interests in the modern world: a collection of articles based on the results of the International scientific and practical conference in 2 volumes. / edited by Elena Vitalievna Evsikova, Irina Vladimirovna Khmil. Simferopol: Arial, 2022. Vol. I. P. 227.
Nesterov Anatoly Vasilievich. What is a Corruption Factor? // Scientific Expert. 2009. No. 12. P. 25
Olga Vladimirovna Barabash. "Corruption factor" as a legal term: structure, content, definition // News of higher educational institutions. Volga Region District. Humanities. 2015. No. 4. P. 161.
Onosov Yury Viktorovich. On the Theoretical Model of the Limits of Law Enforcement Discretion// Legal Bulletin of Saratov University. 2022. Vol. 8. No. 1. P. 11.
Ozhegov Sergey Ivanovich. Dictionary of the Russian language. 16th edition, revised. Moscow: Russian language, 1984. P.729.
Pavel Grigorievich Marfitsyn. Investigator's Discretion (Criminal Procedure Aspect): Monograph. Omsk: Omsk Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, Russian Federation. 2002. P.32.
Platov Egor Vitalievich. Anti-corruption expertise as a type of activity of the prosecutor's office of the Russian Federation to combat corruption // Bulletin of higher educational institutions. Volga region. Social sciences. 2022. No. 4. P. 113.
Pokrovsky Iosif Alekseevich. Fundamental Problems of Civil Law. Petrograd: Publ. of the Legal Library "Law", , 917. P. 309.
Public Opinion // web.archive.org/.../ (accessed: 25.11. 2025).
Ratinov Aleksandr Ruvimovich. Forensic Psychology for Investigators: A Scientific and Practical Guide. Moscow: Yurlitinform, 2001. P. 8.
Rogozhina Irina Vladimirovna. Discretion of the Law Enforcer: Concept and Limits // Problems of Social and Humanitarian Education at the Current Stage of Modernization of the Russian School // Proceedings of the VII International Scientific and Practical Conference. Barnaul: Altai State Pedagogical University, 2019. P. 21.
Sakharov Aleksandr Borisovich. Planning Criminal Policy and Prospects of Criminal Legislation // Planning Measures to Combat Crime. Moscow: Institute of State and Law of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1982. Pp. 9-10.
Slepkova Olga Aleksandrovna. The Concept and Features of Anti-Corruption Expertise of Normative Legal Acts and Draft Normative Legal Acts of the Federal Customs Service of Russia // Administrative Law and Administration Practice. 2014. No. 2. P. 74.
Sodnom Mikhailovich Budatarov. Corruption factors: concept, types, problems of their practical application // Monitoring of law enforcement. 2013. No. 2. P. 24.
Solovey Yu. P. Discretion in the Administrative Activities of the Soviet Militia: Abstract of a Cand. Sci. (Law) Dissertation. Moscow, 1982. Pages 13-14.
Stebneva Elena Viktorovna. Anti-corruption examination of regulatory legal acts and their drafts as a measure to prevent offenses by officials and other persons // Bulletin of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. 2023. No. 1. P. 156.
Sukhanov, Evgeny Aleksandrovich. The System of Private Law//Vestnik, Moscow State University. Series: Law, 1994. No. 4. P. 26.
Talanina Elvira Vladimirovna, Yuzhakov Vladimir Nikolaevich. Methodology of the primary analysis (expertise) of the corruption potential of regulatory legal acts / edited by Vladimir Nikolaevich Yuzhakov. Moscow: Statut, 2017. P. 22.
Tsybulevskaya Olga Ivanovna. Moral and Legal Culture of Government Entities: Axiological Aspect//History of the Russian Legal System and Legal Culture: Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference / composition. S.O. Shalyapin. Arkhangel'sk, 2013. Part 1. P. 167.
Yulia Igorevna Voronina. Anti-corruption expertise of regulatory legal acts as a means of combating corruption in modern Russia: Theoretical and legal aspect // Bulletin of Tyumen State University. 2012. No. 3. P. 78.